Atomic Building Border Collie dog. Figure to assemble with nanoblocks. 950 pieces.

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So the best way to describe an atom that I can come up with is this: most of an atom’s mass is carried by the small nucleus that sits at its center, around which extremely tiny electrons, with much smaller mass, are spread out (through the weirdness of quantum mechanics) in a most un-particle-like way, filling the grey area in Figure 2.

These four elements—oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen—together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of the human body, and the body cannot make elements, so it is helpful to have them in consumables. So, electrons in an atom are organized by energy levels, and for a given level, there is an arrangement of electrons that is the most stable. Chemistry is all about this tendency to look for the most stable state that could be achieved under current conditions, and under certain conditions, the formation of ions is the most stable state for a given kind of atom.But, atoms themselves contain many subatomic particles, the three most important of which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. Whether the wave is a mathematical construct or something to be treated as physical is very subtle, and people don’t necessarily agree on the matter.

However, it is not unusual — in the process of forming molecules, for instance — for an atom to gain or lose one or more of its outermost (or “valence”) electrons. The atoms of the elements found in the human body have from one to five electron shells, and all electron shells hold eight electrons except the first shell, which can only hold two. Most of the land of the community — analogous to the realm of the electrons — contains crops but no houses.

The most stable arrangements is achieved by a certain kind of elements, the noble gases (like Hellium, or Argon, just to name two such noble gases). In such a way, you can avoid the “ion problem”, or what happens when an atom of a certain type in bound to some other atom (the arrangement of valence electrons in molecules is somewhat different, but the atoms remain being of a certain kind). If molecules — the main structures that are involved in chemistry — are the words from which all of the materials around us are built, then atoms are the letters, the building blocks for molecules. The available types of bondings for a given kind of atom are related to this tendency to look for the most stable state that can be achieved by a given atom under current conditions. In some cases, we can “see” them, much as we can see the molecules that they can form… not with our eyes, but with more advanced “seeing” devices.

A molecule of table salt (NaCl) contains two atoms, one of sodium (Na) and one of chlorine (Cl); a molecule of water (H 2O) has two of hydrogen and one of oxygen; a molecule of table sugar (C 12H 22O 11) is made from twelve atoms of carbon, eleven of oxygen and twenty-two of hydrogen in a very particular arrangement. Size is not a characteristic of an object; it is a characteristic of the interaction between a probing object and the object that it is being probed , and it often comes with ambiguities. Its shape is like that of a rural community, with expanses of uninhabited land, a few scattered farm houses, and a small village with closely packed houses at its center. The elements in the human body are shown in [link], beginning with the most abundant: oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N). I would suggest that the failure to and the difficulty in “explaining” the behavior of atoms is that we really don’t know what it is.But we are nevertheless at a loss as to how to “explain” this success because of the irreconcilability of the facts into a story that consistently supports our preconceptions. Its atomic number is 92 (it has 92 protons) but it contains 146 neutrons; it has the most mass of all the naturally occurring elements.