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Vitamin D overdose causes hypercalcemia, which is a strong indication of vitamin D toxicity – this can be noted with an increase in urination and thirst. If hypercalcemia is not treated, it results in excess deposits of calcium in soft tissues and organs such as the kidneys, liver, and heart, resulting in pain and organ damage. [24] [29] [167]
There is also a type of vitamin D called calcipotriol, which sounds similar to colecalciferol. Calcipotriol is used to treat the skin condition caused by plaque psoriasis. Key facts In New Zealand, possums have become a significant pest animal. For possum control, cholecalciferol has been used as the active ingredient in lethal baits. [46] The LD 50 is 16.8mg/kg, but only 9.8mg/kg if calcium carbonate is added to the bait. [47] [48] Kidneys and heart are target organs. [49] LD 50 of 4.4mg/kg has been reported in rabbits, with lethality to almost all rabbits ingesting doses greater than 15mg/kg. [50] Toxicity has been reported across a wide range of cholecalciferol dosages, with LD 50 as high as 88mg/kg or as low as 2 mcg/kg reported for dogs. [51] Over 3% of the population exceeds the NIH daily tolerable upper intake level ( UL) of 4000 IU, [2] above which level the risk of toxic effects increases. [166] [165]
Vitamin D is very similar to calcitriol. Do not use medications containing calcitriol while using vitamin D. Lotfi-Dizaji L, et al. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation Along With Weight Loss Diet on Meta-Inflammation and Fat Mass in Obese Subjects With Vitamin D Deficiency: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2019 ;90(1):94-101. Too much vitamin D can cause harmful high calcium levels. Tell your doctor right away if any of these signs of high vitamin D/ calcium levels occur: nausea/ vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, increased thirst, increased urination, mental/mood changes, unusual tiredness. The transformation that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D 3 occurs in two steps. [169] [170] First, 7-dehydrocholesterol is photolyzed by ultraviolet light in a 6-electron conrotatory ring-opening electrocyclic reaction; the product is previtamin D 3. Second, previtamin D 3 spontaneously isomerizes to vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol) in an antarafacial sigmatropic [1,7] hydride shift. At room temperature, the transformation of previtamin D 3 to vitamin D 3 in an organic solvent takes about 12 days to complete. The conversion of previtamin D 3 to vitamin D 3 in the skin is about 10 times faster than in an organic solvent. [171]
Keflie TS, Nölle N, Lambert C, Nohr D, Biesalski HK (October 2015). "Vitamin D deficiencies among tuberculosis patients in Africa: A systematic review". Nutrition. 31 (10): 1204–12. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.003. PMID 26333888. Researchers have reported that the compound is less toxic to non-target species than earlier generations of anticoagulant rodenticides ( Warfarin and congeners) or Bromethalin, [52] and that relay toxicosis (poisoning by eating a poisoned animal) has not been documented. [15] Nevertheless, the same source reports that use of cholecalciferol in rodenticides may still pose a significant hazard to other animals, such as dogs and cats, when rodenticide bait or other forms of cholecalciferol are directly ingested. [15] See also [ edit ] Cholecalciferol was first described in 1936. [11] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [12] In 2020, it was the 60th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions. [13] [14] Cholecalciferol is available as a generic medication and over the counter. [8] [15] [16] Medical uses [ edit ]
If you take too much
Vitamin D toxicity is rare. [24] It is caused by supplementing with high doses of vitamin D rather than sunlight. The threshold for vitamin D toxicity has not been established; however, according to some research, the tolerable upper intake level (UL) is 4,000 IU/day for ages 9–71 [156] (100 μg/day), while other research concludes that, in healthy adults, sustained intake of more than 50,000 IU/day (1250 μg) can produce overt toxicity after several months and can increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels to 150 ng/mL and greater. [24] [157] Those with certain medical conditions, such as primary hyperparathyroidism, [158] are far more sensitive to vitamin D and develop hypercalcemia in response to any increase in vitamin D nutrition, while maternal hypercalcemia during pregnancy may increase fetal sensitivity to effects of vitamin D and lead to a syndrome of intellectual disability and facial deformities. [158] [159] Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist about all the products you use (including prescription drugs, nonprescription drugs, and herbal products).
The active UVB wavelengths are present in sunlight, and sufficient amounts of cholecalciferol can be produced with moderate exposure of the skin, depending on the strength of the sun. [38] Time of day, season, latitude, and altitude affect the strength of the sun, and pollution, cloud cover or glass all reduce the amount of UVB exposure. Exposure of face, arms and legs, averaging 5–30 minutes twice per week, may be sufficient, but the darker the skin, and the weaker the sunlight, the more minutes of exposure are needed. Vitamin D overdose is impossible from UV exposure; the skin reaches an equilibrium where the vitamin degrades as fast as it is created. [38]
If you forget to take it
Low levels of vitamin D in pregnancy are associated with gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, and small (for gestational age) infants. [101] Although taking vitamin D supplements during pregnancy raises blood levels of vitamin D in the mother at term, [102] the full extent of benefits for the mother or baby is unclear. [101] [102] [103] Pregnant women who take an adequate amount of vitamin D during gestation may experience a lower risk of pre-eclampsia [104] and positive immune effects. [105] Vitamin D supplementation is also likely to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, undersized babies [104] and of their poor rate of growth. [106] Pregnant women often do not take the recommended amount of vitamin D. [105] Weight loss [ edit ] A 2012 meta-analysis showed that the risk of cardiovascular diseases increases when blood levels of vitamin D are lowest in a range of 8 to 24 ng/mL (20 to 60 nmol/L), although results among the studies analyzed were inconsistent. [155] Supplements and Herbs that claim to have Weight Loss benefits are often suspect and end up being parts of fad diets that do not work. There are some studies suggesting that Vitamin D can help with weight loss. If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.
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