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Calcium might interfere with the absorption of iron, although this effect has not been definitively established [ 4, 31]. For this reason, some experts suggest that people take individual calcium and iron supplements at different times of the day [ 32]. Iron Intakes and Status Mystakidou K, Kalaidopoulou O, Katsouda E, Parpa E, Kouskouni E, Chondros C, et al. Evaluation of epoetin supplemented with oral iron in patients with solid malignancies and chronic anemia not receiving anticancer treatment. Anticancer Res 2005;25:3495-500. [ PubMed abstract]

Nutrition experts recommend getting your iron from food sources rather than dietary supplements. Iron supplements, which include some protein bars, can be beneficial to those with certain health conditions such as anemia. Many vegetarian and vegan multivitamins and supplements contain iron, as do supplements for endurance athletes. Be sure to talk to your doctor or a registered dietician before adding iron supplements to your diet. Bryce K, Hawthorne M, Ewing I. Unusual gastric lesion in an iron-deficient patient. Gut. 2019;68:2141-78. [ PubMed abstract] But, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), changing your diet seems to only have a small effect on iron levels in the body compared to traditional treatments for hemochromatosis. These treatments include removing iron by phlebotomy (taking blood and iron from the body). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends 1 mg/kg daily iron supplementation for exclusively or primarily breastfed full-term infants from age 4 months until the infants begin eating iron-containing complementary foods, such as iron-fortified cereals [ 20]. Standard infant formulas containing 10 to 12 mg/L iron can meet the iron needs of infants for the first year of life. The Academy recommends 2 mg/kg/day iron supplementation for preterm infants age 1 to 12 months who are fed breast milk.The IOM notes that because the median intake of dietary iron by pregnant women is well below the EAR, pregnant women need iron supplementation [ 5]. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans advises that women who are pregnant take an iron supplement when recommended by an obstetrician or other health-care provider [ 19]. It adds that low intakes of iron are a public health concern for pregnant women. Iron deficiency anemia in infants and toddlers In a recommendation statement issued in 2015, the USPSTF concluded that the available evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening for IDA in children age 6 to 24 months who live in the United States and who are asymptomatic for IDA [ 73]. It added that this recommendation does not apply to severely malnourished children or children who were born prematurely or with low birthweight. Earlier, in 2006, the USPSTF stated that although it found insufficient evidence to recommend routine iron supplementation in asymptomatic infants at average risk of IDA, it did recommend routine iron supplements for children age 6 to 12 months who are at increased risk of IDA (e.g., those who were premature or low birthweight) [ 74]. The USPSTF's 2015 statement notes that its current recommendation is limited to screening because the widespread use of iron-fortified foods in the United States (including infant formulas and cereals) would likely limit the impact of iron supplementation prescribed by physicians [ 73].

Gillooly M, Bothwell TH, Torrance JD, MacPhail AP, Derman DP, Bezwoda WR, et al. The effects of organic acids, phytates and polyphenols on the absorption of iron from vegetables. Br J Nutr 1983;49:331-42. [ PubMed abstract] Many of the recommendations for this condition will warn you to stay away from vegetables high in iron. This might not always be necessary.World Health Organization. Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Assessment, Prevention, and Control . World Health Organization, 2001. Brotanek JM, Gosz J, Weitzman M, Flores G. Iron deficiency in early childhood in the United States: risk factors and racial/ethnic disparities. Pediatrics 2007;120:568-75. [ PubMed abstract]

If you choose not to consume meat and fish, then be sure to include plant-based sources of protein such as legumes (dried beans, lentils and split peas), nuts, seeds and tofu with each meal,” advises Zumpano. “Be sure to pair non-heme iron foods with vitamin C to increase the absorption of iron.Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits (lemon, lime, orange, kiwi and grapefruit), strawberries, tomatoes, broccoli and spinach.” How much iron you need Sharma S, et al. (2021). Effect of cooking food in iron-containing cookware on increase in blood hemoglobin level and iron content of the food: A systematic review. Gibson RS. Assessment of Iron Status. In: Principles of Nutritional Assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005:443-76. Red meat, including beef, is a good source of the type of iron that your body can use very easily. So, you may want to watch out for eating too much if you have hemochromatosis. Red meat can be a healthy part of a well-rounded diet if eaten in moderation. Organ meat and game meatsIn contrast, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has concluded that the current evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against both screening for IDA in pregnant women and routinely supplementing them with iron to prevent adverse maternal health and birth outcomes [ 69]. They note, however, that their recommendation does not apply to pregnant women who are malnourished, have symptoms of iron deficiency anemia, or those with special hematologic conditions or nutritional needs that increase iron requirements. Randomized controlled trials have shown that iron supplementation can prevent IDA in pregnant women and related adverse consequences in their infants [ 66, 67]. A Cochrane Review showed that daily supplementation with 9–90 mg iron reduced the risk of anemia in pregnant women at term by 70% and of iron deficiency at term by 57% [ 64]. In the same review, use of daily iron supplements was associated with an 8.4% risk of having a low-birthweight newborn compared to 10.2% with no supplementation. In addition, mean birthweight was 31 g higher for infants whose mothers took daily iron supplements during pregnancy compared with the infants of mothers who did not take iron.