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Color matters: skin tone bias and the myth of a postracial America. Kimberly Jade Norwood. New York. 2014. ISBN 978-1-317-81955-4. OCLC 869281941. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( link) CS1 maint: others ( link)

Ward, Fred (September 1987). "Jade: Stone of Heaven". National Geographic. Vol.172, no.3. pp.282–315. ISSN 0027-9358. OCLC 643483454.Telling these two types apart is not an easy task, even from an expert. Nepthrite tends to be less translucent and less shiny and tends to be a bit softer than jadeite. The easiest way to tell them apart is by the color. Each type has distinct colors that can make them easier to spot. For example: In nephrite, the red hues result from the presence of iron (Fe) in the form of finely dispersed hematite or limonite inclusions. In jadeite, the red coloration is primarily due to the presence of manganese (Mn) or iron (Fe) ions as chromophores. The vibrancy, uniformity, and saturation of the red color contribute to the desirability and value of red jade. How much is red jade worth Craftsmanship is a key element in Chinese jade carving art. In recent decades, the rapid development of tools has led to numerous changes in carving technology. Scholars are increasingly focusing on the carving craft in addition to ancient designs. Five periods have previously been defined according to the evolution of tools and craftsmanship, and the representative innovations of each period are summarized in this article. Nearly 2,500 contemporary works are analyzed statistically, showing that piercing and Qiaose, a technique to take artistic advantage of jade’s naturally uneven color, are the most commonly used methods. Current mainstream techniques used in China’s jade carving industry include manual carving, computer numerical control engraving, and 3D replicate engraving. With a rich heritage and ongoing innovation in jade craftsmanship, as well as increased automation, the cultural value and creative designs are both expected to reach new heights.​​ INTRODUCTION Talbot, Matthew. "In Depth Green With Jade". Canadian Geographic. Archived from the original on 6 November 2014 . Retrieved 6 November 2014.

Jade is a gemstone used as jewelry or for ornaments. It is typically green, although may be yellow or white. Jade can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of minerals), or jadeite (a silicate of sodium and aluminum in the pyroxene group of minerals). [1] The use of jade and other greenstone was a long-term tradition in Korea ( c. 850 BC – AD 668). Jade is found in small numbers of pit-houses and burials. The craft production of small comma-shaped and tubular "jades" using materials such as jade, microcline, jasper, etc., in southern Korea originates from the Middle Mumun Pottery Period ( c. 850–550 BC). [10] Comma-shaped jades are found on some of the gold crowns of Silla royalty ( c. 300/400–668 AD) and sumptuous elite burials of the Korean Three Kingdoms. After the state of Silla united the Korean Peninsula in 668, the widespread popularisation of death rituals related to Buddhism resulted in the decline of the use of jade in burials as prestige mortuary goods. a b The first emperor: China's Terracotta Army. Jane Portal, Hiromi Kinoshita. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2007. ISBN 978-0-674-02697-1. OCLC 123119878. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: others ( link)Dragon among clouds, carved jade medallion or button, Qing dynasty, probably late 18th century (reign of Qianlong); in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. (more) a b c d e f g h i j Chō, Kyō (2012). The search for the beautiful woman: a cultural history of Japanese and Chinese beauty. Kyoko Iriye Selden. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4422-1895-6. OCLC 824351053.