Hafez: Divan

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Poetry is the greatest literary form of ancient Persia and modern Iran, and the fourteenth-century poet known as Hafiz is its preeminent master. Little is known about the poet's life, and there are more legends than facts relating to the particulars of his existence. This mythic quality is entirely appropriate for the man known as "The Interpreter of Mysteries" and "The Tongue of the Hidden," whose verse is regarded as oracular by those seeking guidance and attempting to realize wishes. It is said almost every Iranian household has his collection, and that people memorize his verses and recite them as proverbs, and after reading this, I see why. Add to all this the consideration that these were meant to be sung and not to be read and were composed mostly impromptu on the urging of an unforgiving patron and we can begin to see the true genius of the poetry. Hafiz lived in what was called the ‘times of troubles’ of the Persian civilization, just before the establishment of the Timurid Dynasty, again forcing us to draw parallels with Chaucer. This collection is derived from Hafiz's Divan (collected poems), a classic of Sufism. The short poems, called ghazals, are sonnet-like arrangements of varied numbers of couplets. In the tradition of Persian poetry and Sufi philosophy, each poem corresponds to two interpretations, sensual and mystic. This outstanding translation of Hafiz's poetry was created by historian and Arabic scholar Gertrude Bell, who observed, "These are the utterances of a great poet, the imaginative interpreter of the heart of man; they are not of one age, or of another, but for all time."

The sonnets of 1 to 100 divans of Hafez Shirazi with the possibility of presenting the divination of Hafez and their complete interpretation in three languages Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall، ۱۸۰۰-۱۸۷۶، خاورشناس و مترجم آلمانی-اتریشی) بود که ترجمه های بسیاری از حافظ ارائه کرد و بعد از آنها شاعران آمریکایی، شاعری چون رالف والدو امرسون (Ralph Waldo Emerson ۱۸۰۳-۱۸۸۲، فیلسوف و نویسنده آمریکایی) از دیوان حافظ استفاده کرد اما خودش زبان فارسی نمی دانست و از ترجمه های ( ژوزف فن هامر) پورگشتال بهره گرفت. fale hafez – fale hafez ba mani – falehafez – fale hafez asli – hafezdivan – hafez shirazi – divanhafez – فال حافظ با تفسیر – فال حافظ از دیوان حافظ – استخاره با فال حافظHafez is the embodiment of perfection, a perfect mystic, a unique artist, and a human being who has gone beyond the boundaries of time and space; Few can be found as great as him. According to Yarshater, no other Iranian poet has been more analyzed and interpreted. No Persian poet can find such a combination of fertile imagination, literary expression, the right choice of silk words and expressions. He had a profound effect on the next group of lyricists. [7] According to experts and cataloguers, during the four hundred years of compiling the Divān in the last decade of the 14th century until its publication in Calcutta in 1791 AD (1206 AH), this book has been written and copied more than any other literary work. [8] The number of manuscripts of The Divān of Hafez is about 1700, which is scattered not only in Iran, but also in the geographical region of the Persian language and among all social classes and even rulers. In terms of the size of its Persian-speaking audiences, it has surpassed all the great works of Persian literature. [9] The unity in such poetry emerges from a symbolic unity of the leading imagery of each Ghazal/couplet - each linked to the others only through imagery (but not through ideas) - deliberately suppressed for effect, sometimes even forming multiple interlinkages (skipping couplets to form multiple threads) to form a delicious arabesque imagery through the poetry… it is hard to conceive of. Bāqerī, Bahādor; Bayāt, ʿAlī; Bolukbāšī, ʿAlī; Dādbeh, Asḡar; Hāšempur sobḥānī, Towfīq; Ingenito, Domenico; Keyvānī, Majd-al-Din; Kordmāfī, Saeed; Ḵorramšāhī, Bahāʾ-al-Din; Sājedī, Tahmuras; Sajjādī, Ṣādeq; Semsār, Moḥammad ḥasan; šams, Esmāʿīl; Masʿūdī arānī, ʿAbdollāh; Meythamī, Ḥossein; Mīranṣārī, ʿAlī; Nekuruḥ, Ḥasan; Pākatchī, Aḥmad; Baḵš-e Honar-o-Memārī (2011), "Ḥāfeẓ", in Mousavī Bojnūrdī, Moḥammad kāẓem (ed.), Dā′eratolma′āref-e Bozorg-e Eslāmī (in Persian), vol.19, Tehran: Markaz-e Dā′eratolma′āref-e Bozorg-e Eslāmī, ISBN 978-600-6326-04-7

His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-14th century Persian writing more than any other author.The following are a few more pointers that are not applicable to Hafiz alone but for much of oriental poetry. I have found it important to keep such distinctions in mind to understand poetry that at first glance seems outlandishly far-away. While much of this comes from the translator’s notes, it might be useful advice for reading other beautiful works too.