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Thayer, J. F., Yamamoto, S. S. & Brosschot, J. F. The relationship of autonomic imbalance, heart rate variability and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Int. J. Cardiol. 141, 122–131 (2010).
Although these problems are usually temporary - lasting a few days or weeks - it can make us feel tired and foggy. Heart rate (or pulse) is the number of times your heart beats in a minute, typically expressed in beats per minute (BPM). Your heart rate increases or decreases based on your body's need to absorb oxygen. Your heart rate when sleeping is typically lower than when walking or running. Emotional changes can also increase your heart rate. An anti-ageing gene discovered in centenarians has been shown to rewind the heart’s biological age by ten years, according to research we've funded and published in Cardiovascular Research. https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/medical/ask-the-experts/pulse-rateDanik, S. B. et al. Modulation of cardiac gap junction expression and arrhythmic susceptibility. Circ. Res. 95, 1035–1041 (2004). Normally, electrical signals control every heart muscle contraction and travel from the atria, or the upper chambers of the heart, to the ventricles, or the lower chambers. Professor Madeddu added: “Our findings confirm the healthy mutant gene can reverse the decline of heart performance in older people. We are now interested in determining if giving the protein instead of the gene can also work. Gene therapy is widely used to treat diseases caused by bad genes. However, a treatment based on a protein is safer and more viable than gene therapy.” Boudreau, P., Yeh, W.-H., Dumont, G. A. & Boivin, D. B. Circadian variation of heart rate variability across sleep stages. Sleep 36, 1919–1928 (2013).
Kubalova, Z. et al. Modulation of cytosolic and intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium waves by calsequestrin in rat cardiac myocytes. J. Physiol. 561, 515–524 (2004). Meloni, M., Setzu, D., Del Rio, A., Campagna, M. & Cocco, P. QTc interval and electrocardiographic changes by type of shift work. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56, 1174–1179 (2013).Martino, T. et al. Day/night rhythms in gene expression of the normal murine heart. J. Mol. Med. 82, 256–264 (2004). Walker, M. J. A. et al. The Lambeth conventions: guidelines for the study of arrhythmias in ischaemia, infarction, and reperfusion. Cardiovasc. Res. 22, 447–455 (1988). Murata, K., Yano, E., Shinozaki, T., Vano, E. & Shinozaki, T. Impact of shift work on cardiovascular functions in a 10-year follow-up study. Scand. J. Work. Environ. Heal 25, 272–277 (1999).