The Male Advantage: Why women can't resist the Outlier Male

Product Information

Increase government funding of high-quality day-care options to enable parents, and especially mothers, to work outside the home if they so desire, and to do so without fear that their finances or their children’s well-being will be compromised.

Kalmady, S. V., Agarwal, S. M., Shivakumar, V., Jose, D., Venkatasubramanian, G., & Reddy, Y. C. J. (2013). Revisiting Geschwind's hypothesis on brain lateralisation: A functional MRI study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex interaction effects on spatial working memory. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 18(5), 625–640. doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2012.744414Results of the overall analysis clearly show a male advantage in visual-spatial working memory with an estimated effect size of 0.155 that is significantly different from zero. However, this also reflects a small effect that essentially fits with the notion that most sex differences are small and that similarities tend to be the norm (Hyde, 2005; 2014). To put this finding in context, an effect size of 0.155 would require a total sample of 654 participants to achieve 80 % power at the 0.05 level of significance. This is much larger than the typical individual study sample size as presented in Table 1. This suggests that open archiving of data might provide an interesting avenue for researchers in that it would provide a cumulative record of available data that would likely improve our understanding of the underlying factors.

van Donkelaar, P. & Lee, R. G. Interactions between the eye and hand motor systems: Disruptions due to cerebellar dysfunction. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 1674–1685 (1994). Finally, whether the dependent variable was a measure of memory span ( k = 58), number of trials to criterion ( k = 13), search errors ( k = 35), accuracy ( k = 41), response time ( k = 30), and other or not reported ( k = 5) was coded. Hegarty, M., Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E., Ishikawa, T., & Lovelace, K. (2006). Spatial abilities at different scales: Individual differences in aptitude-test performance and spatial-layout learning. Intelligence, 34(2), 151–176. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2005.09.005 Finally, other tasks included only nine effect sizes from seven samples and required a mixed model meta-analysis as fit for the fixed effects model was rejected: Q(8) = 19.15, p = 0.014. However, here as well, moderator analysis failed to reveal any significant findings. Publication bias and the file drawer problem Yoo, S. B. M., Tu, J. C., Piantadosi, S. T. & Hayden, B. Y. The neural basis of predictive pursuit. Nat. Neurosci. 23, 252–259 (2020).Brown, S. H., Kessler, K. R., Hefter, H., Cooke, J. D. & Freund, H.-J. Role of the cerebellum in visuomotor coordination. Exp. Brain Res. 94, 478–488 (1993).