PLA Bamboo filament 1.75mm, 3D printer filament, Bamboo material, 1kg spool, 30% Bamboo + 70% PLA

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Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. p. 614.

Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Zuloaga, Fernando O.; Judziewicz, Emmet J.; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Morrone, Osvaldo (2015). "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117–137. doi: 10.1111/jse.12150. hdl: 11336/25248. ISSN 1674-4918. S2CID 84052108. In Chinese culture, the bamboo, plum blossom, orchid, and chrysanthemum (often known as méi lán zhú jú 梅蘭竹菊 in Chinese) are collectively referred to as the Four Gentlemen. These four plants also represent the four seasons and, in Confucian ideology, four aspects of the junzi ("prince" or "noble one"). The pine ( sōng 松), the bamboo ( zhú 竹), and the plum blossom ( méi 梅) are also admired for their perseverance under harsh conditions, and are together known as the " Three Friends of Winter" ( 歲寒三友; suìhán sānyǒu) in Chinese culture. PLA polymers with exceptionally high L-isomer content tend to be crystalline. Moreover, glass transition temperature ( T g), melting temperature ( T m), and crystallinity lessen with diminishing L-isomer content [ 14]. T g and T m can play a significant role, when analyzing the properties. Above the T m, the polymer gets melted and starts flowing [ 16]. This flow increases the chain movement of the polymer, which leads to the mechanical properties being almost reduced to zero. If the polymers are processed above melting temperature, the viscosity of the polymer is reduced dramatically, which improves the processability. This process temperature range for PLA would be 190°C–250°C [ 17]. PLA-based polymer’s mechanical characteristics can be significantly varied, from soft polymers to high-strength and stiff materials. When better mechanical qualities are required, semicrystalline PLA is recommended [ 18]. PLA’s mechanical characteristics and crystallizations depend heavily on the polymer chain’s molecular weight and chemical composition [ 19].

Ahmad, Zishan; Upadhyay, Anamica; Ding, Yulong; Emamverdian, Abolghassem; Shahzad, Anwar (2021), Ahmad, Zishan; Ding, Yulong; Shahzad, Anwar (eds.), "Bamboo: Origin, Habitat, Distributions and Global Prospective", Biotechnological Advances in Bamboo: The “Green Gold” on the Earth, Singapore: Springer, pp.1–31, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-1310-4_1, ISBN 978-981-16-1310-4, S2CID 239748950 , retrieved 29 August 2023 Zhandarov, S.; Pisanova, E.; Mäder, E.; Nairn, J.A. Investigation of load transfer between the fiber and the matrix in pull-out tests with fibers having different diameters. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2001, 15, 205–222. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] In one particular example, a study published in the International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation journal, appears to have shown signs that micro organisms were breaking down an epoxy in a test environment, where oxygen was available. After 15 days of exposure to the test environment, where specific types of microorganisms were present, the epoxy tested lost ~34% of its weight, the breakage and formation of chemical bonds was detected and the number of microbes appeared to increase. This suggests that the epoxy may be being used as a food source by the microbes and therefore biodegradation could be considered to be taking place, under these conditions. This particular study can be found in Volume 63, Issue 5. Pros and Cons PROS Annual cycle: Most all growth of new bamboo occurs during the wet season and disturbing the clump during this phase will potentially damage the upcoming crop, while harvesting immediately prior to the wet/growth season may also damage new shoots, therefore harvesting is best a few months prior to the start of the wet season. [61] Also during this high-rainfall period, sap levels are at their highest, and then diminish towards the dry season. [62]

In terms of cost, products currently on the market cost more than expected based on the price of the raw material at 16 €/m 2, because of the large initial investments paid by the developing companies [ 23].

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Environmental pollution resulting from production methods. The entire supply chain and production methods are always relevant to the “eco credentials” of the end product. But again, due to complexity, this topic deserves to be considered separately. So is Bamboo Plastic Biodegradable or Not? Myers, Evan T. "Structural Bamboo Design in East Africa". Kansas State University. Archived from the original on 16 December 2016 . Retrieved 18 June 2014. A bamboo staff, sometimes with one end sharpened, is used in the Tamil martial art of silambam, a word derived from a term meaning "hill bamboo".

Bamboo Shoots – Khorisa". FarmToRasoi. 18 July 2020. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021 . Retrieved 17 December 2021. Sasaki, C.; Wanaka, M.; Takagi, H.; Tamura, S.; Asada, C.; Nakamura, Y. Evaluation of epoxy resins synthesized from steam-exploded bamboo lignin. Ind. Crop Prod. 2013, 43, 757–761. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] A similar method is undertaken, but with the base of the culm standing in fresh water, either in a large drum or stream to leach out sap. a b Nanko, Hirko; Button, Allan; Hillman, Dave (2005). The World of Market Pulp. Appleton, WI, US: WOMP, LLC. p.256. ISBN 978-0-615-13013-2. Michelle Nijhuis (June 2009). "Bamboo Boom: Is This Material for You?". Scientific American Earth 3.0 Special. 19 (2): 60–65. doi: 10.1038/scientificamericanearth0609-60.

Conflicts of Interest

Clark, LG; Zhang, W; Wendel, JF (1995). "A Phylogeny of the Grass Family (Poaceae) Based on ndhF Sequence Data". Systematic Botany. 20 (4): 436–460. doi: 10.2307/2419803. JSTOR 2419803. Further information: Bamboo construction Bamboo-style barred window in Lin An Tai Historical House, Taipei