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a b c Alina Bradford (26 November 2018). "Sloths: The World's Slowest Mammals". Live Science. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020 . Retrieved 22 November 2020. Garcés‐Restrepo, M.F.; Pauli, J.N.; Peery, M.Z. (2018). "Natal dispersal of tree sloths in a human-dominated landscape: Implications for tropical biodiversity conservation". Journal of Applied Ecology. 55 (5): 2253–2262. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13138. Megatherium americanum ( Megatheriidae, London) Evolution Nothrotheriops shastensis ( Nothrotheriidae, La Brea) Three-toed sloths go to the ground to urinate and defecate about once a week, digging a hole and covering it afterwards. They go to the same spot each time and are vulnerable to predation while doing so. Considering the large energy expenditure and dangers involved in the journey to the ground, this behaviour has been described as a mystery. [49] [50] [51] Recent research shows that moths, which live in the sloth's fur, lay eggs in the sloth's feces. When they hatch, the larvae feed on the feces, and when mature fly up onto the sloth above. These moths may have a symbiotic relationship with sloths, as they live in the fur and promote growth of algae, which the sloths eat. [5] Individual sloths tend to spend the bulk of their time feeding on a single "modal" tree; by burying their excreta near the trunk of that tree, they may also help nourish it. [52] Reproduction

Two-toed sloths are omnivorous, with a diverse diet of insects, carrion, fruits, leaves and small lizards, ranging over up to 140 hectares (350 acres). Three-toed sloths, on the other hand, are almost entirely herbivorous (plant eaters), with a limited diet of leaves from only a few trees, [39] and no other mammal digests its food as slowly. All species of sloth live in South and Central America in various lowland rainforest areas. This includes countries such as Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, Honduras, and Venezuela. Gaudin, T.J. (1 February 2004). "Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 140 (2): 255–305. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2003.00100.x. ISSN 0024-4082.

3. They spend most of their lives hanging in the trees

There are six extant sloth species in two genera – Bradypus (three–toed sloths) and Choloepus (two–toed sloths). Despite this traditional naming, all sloths have three toes on each rear limb-- although two-toed sloths have only two digits on each forelimb. [3] The two groups of sloths are from different, distantly related families, and are thought to have evolved their morphology via parallel evolution from terrestrial ancestors. Besides the extant species, many species of ground sloths ranging up to the size of elephants (like Megatherium) inhabited both North and South America during the Pleistocene Epoch. However, they became extinct during the Quaternary extinction event around 12,000 years ago, along with most large bodied animals in the New World. The extinction correlates in time with the arrival of humans, but climate change has also been suggested to have contributed. Members of an endemic radiation of Caribbean sloths also formerly lived in the Greater Antilles but became extinct after humans settled the archipelago in the mid-Holocene, around 6,000 years ago. Pauli, Jonathan N.; Mendoza, Jorge E.; Steffan, Shawn A.; Carey, Cayelan C.; Weimer, Paul J.; Peery, M. Zachariah (7 March 2014). "A syndrome of mutualism reinforces the lifestyle of a sloth". Proceedings of the Royal Society. The Royal Society Publishing. 281 (1778). This means that their energy stores are constantly limited, and they have to be careful to ensure they always have enough energy to find, collect, ingest, and metabolise their next intake of food. The solution is to move slowly and restrict activities to a very small home range. They have also sacrificed the energy-intensive activity of thermoregulation, instead basking in the sun to raise their body temperature or sleeping in the shade to cool down. They even depress their metabolism in hot weather to avoid creating extra heat when they’re trying to stay cool. Sloths have the lowest metabolic rate of any mammal, which means that it takes them a long time to digest anything. They have an incredibly large and permanently full four-chambered stomach, which can account for up to 30% of their body mass. In two-fingered sloths, this over-sized stomach is supported by 46 ribs (23 pairs) which is more than any other mammal! Two-fingered sloths have 46 ribs to support their large stomachs – that is more than any other mammal! 7. They can starve to death on a full stomach Sloth". National Geographic. March 2014. Archived from the original on 11 April 2019 . Retrieved 1 December 2017.

The idea that we depend psychologically on food as a means of manipulating our immediate environment. This is an assumption that obesity is simply on a continuum with anorexia nervosa, which has been so defined by psychologists. Obesity is thus a mental illness, but this category itself shifts from a psychological to a somatic one. Montgomery, G. G., & Sunquist, M. E. (1975). Impact of Sloths on Neotropical Forest Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling. Ecological Studies, 69–98. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-88533-4_7 Sloths move only when necessary and even then very slowly. They usually move at an average speed of 4 metres (13ft) per minute, but can move at a marginally higher speed of 4.5 metres (15ft) per minute if they are in immediate danger from a predator. While they sometimes sit on top of branches, they usually eat, sleep, and even give birth hanging from branches. They sometimes remain hanging from branches even after death. On the ground, the maximum speed of sloths is 3 metres (9.8ft) per minute. Two-toed sloths are generally better able than three-toed sloths to disperse between clumps of trees on the ground. [33]

Dowling, Stephen (29 August 2019). "Why do sloths move so slowly?". BBC Future. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2019 . Retrieved 2 September 2019. Different types of leaves build up various defence systems to protect them against folivores, such as tough cell walls and chemicals that build up over time and become toxic. To combat these problems, sloths generally feed on new leaves at the end of branches because they’re still soft and not yet toxic. Eating a variety of leaves also prevents them from ingesting too much of one type of toxin.

Schelling, Ameena (19 May 2016). "Famous Sloth Sanctuary Is A Nightmare For Animals, Ex-Workers Say". The Dodo. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021 . Retrieved 20 May 2016. The pygmy three-toed sloth, however, does have a truly restricted range. They live on a single island 17 kilometres off the coast of Panama that has a total area of just 4.3 square kilometres. This is the only place on the planet where these sloths are found, which makes them extremely vulnerable to geographic disturbances and human development. Venema, Vibeke (4 April 2014). "The woman who got 'slothified' ". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 March 2021 . Retrieved 1 December 2017. Megatheriidae: ground sloths that existed for about 23 million years and went extinct about 11,000 years ago; this family included the largest sloths. They have made adaptations to arboreal browsing. Leaves, their main food source, provide very little energy or nutrients, and do not digest easily, so sloths have large, slow-acting, multi-chambered stomachs in which symbiotic bacteria break down the tough leaves. [39] As much as two-thirds of a well-fed sloth's body weight consists of the contents of its stomach, and the digestive process can take a month or more to complete.

1. There are 2 groups of sloth in the world

We want to make your return as easy as possible, that’s why you can now return using InPost or Royal Mail. The Folivora are divided into at least eight families, only two of which have living species; the remainder are entirely extinct ( †): [8]