DC Comics OCT160335 Designer Series Bombshells Poison Ivy Action Figure

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hog-peanut and ground nut are vines with alternate leaves (like poison-ivy) but with clusters of small whitish to purplish or brownish flowers like those of the sweet pea.

Figure 7. Virginia creeper vines are generally less “hairy” than poison ivy vines. There are some short rootlets. Note the clasping rootlets that have what look like small suction cups at the tips. Over-the-counter treatments for symptoms of poison ivy include external analgesics, such as benzocaine, pramoxine, and benzyl alcohol; protectants, such as zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, calamine (a combination of zinc oxide, ferric oxide, mixed with phenol and calcium hydroxide), baking soda, and colloidal oatmeal; aluminum acetate (an astringent); hydrocortisone; Burow solution (an aqueous solution of aluminium triacetate); and oral diphenhydramine. 1 , 9 It is not advised to apply topical antihistamines (e.g., topical diphenhydramine) to the rash due to its potential to worsen the symptoms. 7 Unfortunately, while many of these OTC treatments might assist in drying out the weeping, oozing blisters associated with poison ivy, they often do not provide sufficient relief, especially in severe cases. 1 , 9 , 13 Poison ivy’s original classification, Toxicodendron radicans (T. radicans), was first established by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in the 17th century. Later, Carl Linnaeus, considered the “Father of Taxonomy,” classified poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac under the Rhus genus in 1737. 8 However, by the 18th century, 27 species of Rhus had been identified, with numerous variations, creating the need to better clarify the taxonomic designations of plants falling into the Rhus genus. Thus, the genus Toxicodendron, which means “poison tree,” was reprised for what we know today as poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, with radicans and rydbergii being the most common species. Poison oak ( T. diversilobum) is more common in western United States, and poison sumac ( T. vernix) is primarily confined to marshy areas of eastearn and southeastern United States, but numerous types of Toxicodendron plants can be found in temperate climates all over the world. 7History. Poison ivy is neither poisonous nor a true member of the Ivy family (Hedera). Instead, it is a member of the Anacardiaceae family, which also includes pistachios, cashews, and mangoes. All members of the Anacardiaceae family contain various forms of pentadecylcatechols within their sap, which is collectively termed urushiol, an oleoresin released from the injured leaves, stems, vines, or berries of these plants. 7 The leaves of poison ivy (figure 1) and poison oak (figure 2) have three leaflets. This is where the adage leaves of three, let it be comes from. The leaflets are commonly 2 to 8 inches long and 3⁄4 to 5 inches wide, and they have scattered, jagged teeth along the edges. Some have a larger tooth or lobe close to the bottom edge, giving them a mitten-like shape.

TCD places a financial burden on our economy and utilizes substantial healthcare resources. For example, outdoor occupations related to agriculture, forestry, and firefighting are at high risk of exposure to poison ivy, and when affected, these workers incur significant monetary expense for worker disability and medical treatments.TCD is responsible for 10 percent of the total US Forest Services lost work time due to injuries. 17 Eating the plants can cause severe internal irritation, and inhaling particles of urushiol released by burning poison ivy, oak, or sumac can cause swelling of the respiratory passages, which can even result in death. These cases require specific and immediate medical treatment. Control Poison-ivy ( Rhus radicans L.) is widespread throughout southern Ontario and reaches north approximately as far as Cochrane and Kenora. It is found most abundantly, however, south of a line from the north shore of Lake Huron through North Bay. This includes the densely populated portions of the province and the popular vacation areas. The plant is often mistakenly called "poison oak", but the true poison oak occurs only in the southern and Pacific states of the U.S.A. and not in Ontario.

Templeton D. Climate change is making poison ivy bigger and badder. https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2013/07/22/Climate-change-is-making-poison-ivy-grow-bigger-and-badder/stories/201307220149 22 Jul 2013. Pittsburg Post Gazette. Accessed 22 Sep 2020. While there is no entirely satisfactory treatment for TCD other than the “tincture of time,” longer-course glucocorticoid therapy, such as triamcinolone or prednisone, has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms associated with TCD. 8 Short courses of low-dose methylprednisolone (so-called “dose paks”) are too brief and too weak to offer effective relief. Glucocorticoids should be administered using a 2- to 3-week taper starting with 60mg daily (preferably taken in the morning with food to avoid gastritis) for five days that is reduced to 40mg daily for five days and then down to 20mg daily for five days. 9 , 8 Contraindications for glucocorticoids include concurrent infection, peptic ulcer disease, poorly controlled hypertension, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. 9 Dementia can also be made worse with systemic steroids (so-called “steroid psychosis”). 9 Less serious side effects of systemic glucocorticoids include an increase in appetite, retention of fluid (edema), irritability, and insomnia. Adrenal suppression associated with prolonged systemic steroid use is rarely a problem when using a 2- to 3-week course of glucocorticoid therapy for poison ivy. 9 The increased atmospheric CO2 level caused by global warming not only promotes the growth of these plants (poison ivy and related plants thrive off of CO 2), but also cause the plants to produce more potent forms of urushiol. The number of these plants is expected to double again when atmospheric CO 2 levels, now at 410ppm, the highest in three million years, reach 560ppm. 3 , 16 Figure 3. Poison ivy vines, ranging in size from the thin new one on the right to the large hairy ones on the left. Note that the new stems are not as hairy. (Photo by Amber C. Marable) Virginia creeper often has 5 or 7 leaflets in other leaves on the same plant and its berries are bluish.

Gladman AC. Toxicodendron dermatitis: poison ivy, oak, and sumac. Wilderness Environ Med. 2006; 17(2):120–128. Accessed September 4, 2020. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Treatment. The patient in this case report was one of approximately 500,000 cases of TCD reported each year in the United States. 17 The patient’s treatment with oral prednisolone prior to being seen by the dermatology clinic was typical but did not relieve his symptoms, nor did the calamine lotion or oral diphenhydramine. 1 , 13 Although the leaflets are somewhat oval, they vary greatly in shape and size. Their margins vary from perfectly smooth ( Figure 3A) to finely or coarsely toothed ( Figure 3D), to deeply and irregularly lobed ( Figure 3E). Undersides of the leaflets may be finely hairy all over, or just along the veins and veinlets, or may be virtually without hairs. For additional information on these and other herbicides, and on the selection, care and use of herbicide application equipment see Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Publication 75, Guide to Weed Control. Harmful Effects

Distribution in Ontario

Petrides GA. Vol. 1986. New York(New York): Houghton Mifflin; A Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs. p. 130. [ Google Scholar] A. Low-growing form with short erect stems and a flower cluster from the axil of one compound leaf.