Wash & Go 2 in 1 Classic Shampoo and Conditioner X 9 bottles

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Drinking unsafe water impairs health through illnesses such as diarrhoea, and untreated excreta contaminates groundwaters and surface waters used for drinking-water, irrigation, bathing and household purposes.

WASH in HCF improvement programs have registered promising initial successes, but several sustainability challenges remain: With regards to toilets, improved sanitation includes the following kind of toilets: Flush toilet, connection to a piped sewer system, connection to a septic system, flush or pour-flush to a pit latrine, pit latrine with slab, ventilated improved pit latrine, composting toilet. [20] Climate resilient policies can be useful for allocating water, keeping in mind that less water may be available in future. This requires a good understanding of the current and future hydroclimatic situation. For example, a better understanding of future changes in climate variability leads to a better response to their possible impacts. [14] The improvement of WASH standards within health facilities needs to be guided by national policies and standards as well as an allocated budget to improve and maintain services. [73] A number of solutions exist that can considerably improve the health and safety of both patients and service providers at health facilities: [75] [76] Stantec Whitepaper: Introduction to Coronavirus and Considerations for Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Access to WASH services also varies internally within nations depending on socio-economic status, political power, and level of urbanization. In 2004 it was found that urban households are 30% and 135% more likely to have access to improved water sources and sanitation respectively, as compared to rural areas. [89]

million people spend over 30 minutes per round trip to collect water from an improved source. ( WHO/UNICEF, 2019) Government Ownership and Investment: For WASH in HCF improvements to continue and sustain, governments need to prioritize and own that WASH services and cleanliness are essential components of providing high-quality patient care and achieving national health targets. Because MoHs are responsible for health outcomes, they must assume ownership of WASH in HCF by: establishing WASH and cleanliness standards; investing in WASH improvements; integrating WASH standards and responsibilities into pre-service and in-service trainings; integrating WASH in routine facility monitoring systems; and linking health sector staff performance to fulfillment of WASH functions. These changes will require budget shifts to include WASH improvements at national and local levels. As owner of WASH in HCF, MoHs will need to convene coordination efforts with other relevant ministries. HCFs become unable to provide safe services (such as hygienic births and clean surgeries), especially to mothers, newborns and children. From about 2001 onwards, international organizations active in the area of water supply and sanitation advocacy, such as the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council and the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) in the Netherlands began to use WASH as an umbrella term for water, sanitation and hygiene. [147] WASH has since then been broadly adopted as a handy acronym for water, sanitation and hygiene in the international development context. [148] The term WatSan was also used for a while, especially in the emergency response sector such as with IFRC and UNHCR, [149] but has not proven as popular as WASH. WHO guidance on the safe management of drinking water and sanitation services applies to the COVID-19 outbreak. Measures that go above and beyond these recommendations are not needed.

Nature-based solutions (NbS) can play an important role for climate change adaptation approaches of water and sanitation services. [109] :45 This includes ecological restoration (which can improve infiltration and thus reduce flooding), ecological engineering for wastewater treatment, green infrastructure for stormwater management, and measures for natural water retention. [109] :45 Most National Adaptation Plans published by the UN Framework Convention for Climate Change include measures to improve sanitation and hygiene. [132] This year, the World Bank Group will continue its support to the Government of Nigeria through the Nigeria Sustainable Urban And Rural Water Supply, Sanitation And Hygiene (SURWASH) Program withactivities designed to enact necessary policy reforms and enhance the capacity of institutions required for effective and sustainable service delivery.