Black Sarawak Pepper from Malaysia, 200 g

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a b Simon, Elegant (13 July 1986). "SARAWAK: A KINGDOM IN THE JUNGLE". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015 . Retrieved 2 November 2015. On 26 November 2015, it was announced that the Kuching Division district of Serian would become Sarawak's 12th division and it had officiated by Adenan Satem at its formal creation on 11 April 2015. [122] Wendy Hutton (2000). Adventure Guides: East Malaysia. Tuttle Publishing. p.30. ISBN 978-962-593-180-7.

Status of Sabah, Sarawak stays". Bernama. Daily Express. 10 April 2019. Archived from the original on 10 April 2019 . Retrieved 10 April 2019. So where does pepper really come from? It comes from hot, tropical landscapes. It comes from Subang’s small family farm upriver from Kapit, Sarawak, where pepper prices have dropped so much she is farming less and less. It comes from the Parameswaran family farm in Thiruelly, Kerala, where they have been farming for 35 years and hand harvest just as berries ripen. The answer feels infinite, but ultimately pepper comes from people and communities.

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The Melanau are a native people of Sarawak that lived in areas primarily around the modern city of Mukah, where they worked as fishermen and craftsmen as well renowned boatbuilders. Historically the Melanau practised Animism, a belief that spirits inhabited objects in their environment, and while this is still practised today, most Melanau have since been converted to Christianity and Islam. [138] [91] [note 7] [300] At the moment, he said the income from the pepper farms could not help these small planters get out of the poverty cycle. Cuhaj, George S (2014). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money, General Issues, 1368–1960. F+W Media. p.1058. ISBN 978-1-4402-4267-0 . Retrieved 13 January 2016. Sarawak was recognised as a separate state by the United States (1850) and Great Britain (1864), and voluntarily became a British protectorate in 1888. A railway line existed before the war, but the last remnants of the line were dismantled in 1959. [243] A rail project was announced in 2008 to be in line with the transport needs of SCORE, but as yet no construction work has begun despite an anticipated completion date in 2015. [244] In 2017, the Sarawak government proposed a light rail system ( Kuching Line) connecting Kuching, Samarahan and Serian divisions with anticipated completion in 2020. [245] Currently, buses are the primary mode of public transportation in Sarawak with interstate services connecting the state to Sabah, Brunei, and Pontianak (Indonesia). [235]

The population of 1,389,926 of the Iban people in Sarawak, based on 2022 statistics, makes it the largest ethnic group in the state. [279] The Iban were, in the past, a society that paid particular attention to social status, especially to those who displayed martial prowess as well as to those who demonstrated expertise in various fields such as farming and oratory. Specific terms were used to refer to those who belonged to particular social strata, such as the raja berani (rich and the brave), orang mayuh (ordinary people), and ulun (slaves). [293] Despite modern influences, Iban still observe many of their traditional rituals such as Gawai Antu ( festival of the dead) and Gawai Dayak ( Harvest Festival). [294] The community pepper project fits into a broader WWF-Malaysia and WWF-Indonesia effort called Green Economy in the Heart of Borneo, which encompasses a new generation of conservation projects that integrate social equity with environmental protection in a way that uplifts communities. This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag.

Black pepper from Sarawak, 200g – freshly imported directly from Borneo, Malaysia!

However, in the decades following federation, restrictive laws and connections to businesses have meant that the media is a largely state-owned enterprise. [305] [note 14] One of the earliest known text publications in Borneo, Hikayat Panglima Nikosa (Story of Nikosa the Warrior), was first printed in Kuching, 1876. [336] David Lea; Colette Milward (2001). A Political Chronology of South-East Asia and Oceania. Psychology Press. pp.16–. ISBN 978-1-85743-117-9. BBC.com's World's Table "smashes the kitchen ceiling" by changing the way the world thinks about food, through the past, present and future. Sharon Ling; Geryl Ogilvy (12 June 2018). "Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact". The Star . Retrieved 12 June 2018.

As of 2021, Sarawak is producing 2,800,000 barrel of oil equivalent every day in 150 oil and gas producing fields. [198] [ failed verification] However, the export-oriented economy is dominated by liquefied natural gas (LNG), which accounts for more than half of total exports. Crude petroleum accounts for 45.1%, while palm oil, sawlogs, and sawn timber account for 12.0% collectively. [196] The state receives a 15% royalty from Petronas over oil explorations in its territorial waters. [199] Most of the oil and gas deposits are located offshore next to Bintulu and Miri at Balingian basin, Baram basin, and around Luconia Shoals. [200] JC, Fong (16 September 2011). "Formation of Malaysia". The Borneo Post . Retrieved 8 November 2015. James Leasor (1 January 2001). Singapore: The Battle That Changed the World. House of Stratus. pp.41–. ISBN 978-0-7551-0039-2. Facts of Sarawak". The Sarawak Government. Archived from the original on 23 July 2015 . Retrieved 23 July 2015.The Rainforest World Music Festival is the region's primary musical event, attracting more than 50,000 people annually. [222] Other events that are held regularly in Sarawak are the Anugerah Seri Angkasa (ASA), ASEAN International Film Festival, Borneo Music Festival Live, Borneo Jazz Festival, Borneo Cultural Festival, and Borneo International Kite Festival. [220] Major shopping complexes in Sarawak include The Spring, Boulevard, VivaCity, Plaza Merdeka, City One, and AEON shopping malls in Kuching, [223] Bintang Megamall, Boulevard, Imperial Mall, and Miri Plaza shopping malls in Miri [224] and NAIM Bintulu Paragon Street Mall, The Spring, Boulevard Shopping Mall, Crown Pacific Mall, Commerce Square Mall, Times Square Megamall, and Parkcity Mall in Bintulu. There’s pepper and then there’s Sarawak pepper. Describing the taste is a bit like recounting the taste of a good wine. Marshall, Cavendish (2007). World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 9. Bangladesh: Marshall Cavendish. p.1182. ISBN 978-0-7614-7642-9 . Retrieved 2 November 2015. Wendy Hutton (2000). Adventure Guides: East Malaysia. Tuttle Publishing. pp.31–57. ISBN 978-962-593-180-7 . Retrieved 26 May 2013. The head of state is the Governor, also known as the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, while the head of government is the Premier. Sarawak is divided into administrative divisions and districts, governed by a system that is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and was the earliest state legislature system in Malaysia. Under the Malaysian constitution, Sarawak has greater autonomy than the states in Peninsular Malaysia.

Foragers are known to have lived around the west mouth of the Niah Caves (located 110km (68mi) southwest of Miri) 40,000 years ago. [27] [28] A modern human skull found near the Niah Caves is the oldest human remain found in Malaysia and the oldest modern human skull from Southeast Asia. [27] [28] [29] [30] Chinese ceramics dating to the Tang and Song dynasties (8th to 13th century AD, respectively) found at Santubong (near Kuching) hint at its significance as a seaport. [31] To protect the interests of the Sarawakians in the Malaysian federation, special safeguards have been included in the Constitution of Malaysia. These include: control over immigration in and out of the state as well as the residence status of non-Sarawakians and Sabahans, limitations on the practice of law to resident lawyers, independence of the Sarawak High Court from the High Court Peninsular Malaysia, a requirement that the Sarawak Chief Minister be consulted prior to the appointment of the chief judge of the Sarawak High Court, the existence of Native Courts in Sarawak and the power to levy sales tax. Natives in Sarawak enjoy special privileges such as quotas and employment in public service, scholarships, university placements, and business permits. [99] Local governments in Sarawak are exempt from local council laws enacted by the Malaysian parliament. [100] This level of autonomy means Sarawak is sometimes referred to as a "region", to differentiate it from less autonomous states. [101] The State Assembly building is located near the Kuching waterfront. Sarawak is served by a number of airports with Kuching International Airport, located south west of Kuching, being the largest. Flights from Kuching are mainly to Kuala Lumpur but also to Johor Bahru, Penang, Sabah, Kelantan, Singapore and Pontianak, Indonesia. A second airport at Miri serves flights primarily to other Malaysian states as well as services to Singapore. Other smaller airports such as Sibu Airport, Bintulu Airport, Mukah Airport, Marudi Airport, Mulu Airport, and Limbang Airport provide domestic services within Malaysia. There are also a number of remote airstrips serving rural communities in the state. [240] Three airlines serve flights in Sarawak, Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, and MASwings all of which use Kuching Airport as their main hub. [246] The state owned Hornbill Skyways is an aviation company that largely provides private chartered flights and flight services for public servants. [247] Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT) at Bintulu seaportFadillah, who is also Plantation and Commodities Minister, said in Sibu, there are a total of 3,402 small pepper planters, and MPB Sibu had distributed RM7.6 million to help 346 pepper planters.