None of the Above: Reflections on Life Beyond the Binary

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Keep the specific content of items independent of one another. Savvy test-takers can use information in one question to answer another question, reducing the validity of the test. Election results: NOTA garners 1.1% of country's total vote share". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 17 May 2014 . Retrieved 7 May 2016. New Law on Elections Aims to Engage Kazakh Citizens in Political Institutions, Experts Say". The Astana Times. 25 May 2021 . Retrieved 13 July 2023. democracy for voters only to be able to say 'Yes' to the candidates on offer, andunable to say'No'. Error: Chief Electral Officer , Delhi" (PDF). Ceodelhi.gov.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018 . Retrieved 23 August 2018.

Lok Sabha Election Results 2019: Most NOTA votes were cast in Bihar; Maharashtra recorded 4,86,902 such votes with Palghar topping the list". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 2019-05-28 . Retrieved 2019-05-28. Pandey, Amit (2022-11-19). "NOTA to be considered 'fictional electoral candidate', says election commission". The New Indian Express. Discuss ideas and build interestbetween elections, tokeep the pressure on our politicians to do better. Reliability:Reliability is defined as the degree to which a test consistently measures a learning outcome. Multiple choice test items are less susceptible to guessing than true/false questions, making them a more reliable means of assessment. The reliability is enhanced when the number of MC items focused on a single learning objective is increased. In addition, the objective scoring associated with multiple choice test items frees them from problems with scorer inconsistency that can plague scoring of essay questions. However, it seems that the popularity of NOTA is growing with time. NOTA has not yet managed to secure a majority so far, but in many of the elections since its introduction - including the 2014 Lok Sabha Elections as well as several Assembly Elections - the number of NOTA votes polled has been higher than the victory margin in many constituencies.Entities that include "None of the Above" on ballots as standard procedure include India ("None of the above"), Indonesia (kotak kosong, empty box), Greece (λευκό, white), the U.S. state of Nevada (None of These Candidates), Ukraine (Проти всіх, "against all"), Belarus, Spain (voto en blanco, "white vote"), North Korea and Colombia (voto en blanco). Russia had such an option on its ballots (Против всех, "against all") until it was abolished in 2006. Bangladesh introduced this option ("না ভোট" , "No Vote") in 2008. Pakistan introduced this option on ballot papers for the 2013 Pakistan elections, but the Election Commission of Pakistan later rejected it. Beginning with the 2016 presidential election, Bulgaria introduced a 'none of the above' option, which received 5.59% of the vote in the first round and 4.47% in the run-off.

Martin Hoscik (19 August 2015). "Caroline Pidgeon named as sole Liberal Democrat mayoral hopeful — MayorWatch". Mayorwatch.co.uk . Retrieved 7 May 2016. In formal styles, we use none of with a singular verb when it is the subject. However, in informal speaking, people often use plural verbs: The Supreme Court in PUCL vs. Union of India Judgement 2013 directed the use of NOTA in the context of direct elections to the Lok Sabha and the respective state assemblies. The NOTA option was first used in the 2013 assembly elections held in four states (Chhattisgarh, Mizoram, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh), and the Union Territory of Delhi. Since its introduction, NOTA has gained increasing popularity amongst the Indian electorate, securing more votes than the victory margin, for instance, in the Assembly Elections in Gujarat (2017), [1] Karnataka (2018), [2] Madhya Pradesh (2018) [3] and Rajasthan (2018). [4]April 2016). "Юрист заступился за настроенных "против всех" избирателей". Радио Азаттык (in Russian) . Retrieved 13 July 2023. Maharashtra may hold re-election in local polls where NOTA got maximum votes". Hindustan Times. 2018-07-20. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23 . Retrieved 2018-12-24. NOTA count more than the Margin of Victory in 21 constituencies of Bihar- Factly". Factly.in. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 March 2019 . Retrieved 4 April 2017. Letter stating "A doubt has arisen about the NOTA option..." " (PDF). Eci.nic.in . Retrieved 23 August 2018. In the 2019 Indian general election, about 1.04 percent of the voters chose to vote for None Of The Above (NOTA), with Bihar and Assam leading with 2.08 percent NOTA voters. [17] Responses [ edit ]

a strong Nota showing in any seat would be 'a slap in the face for politicians, a huge moral victory for voters'.' Registro de Partidos Políticos". Archived from the original on 18 December 2012 . Retrieved 24 October 2011. A multiple choice item consists of a problem, known as the stem, and a list of suggested solutions, known as alternatives. The alternatives consist of one correct or best alternative, which is the answer, and incorrect or inferior alternatives, known as distractors. Despite Higher Vote Share NOTA Fails To Impact Assembly Elections - Hill Post". Hillpost.in. 2017-03-21. Archived from the original on 2018-07-16 . Retrieved 23 August 2018. A: Do you like this blue tie, the striped tie, or this beautiful silk tie? B: None of the above; I don't like any of them.Morrison, Susan and Free, Kathleen. Writing multiple-choice test items that promote and measure critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education 40: 17-24, 2001.

NOTA". Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009 . Retrieved 8 July 2009.The candidates who lose to NOTA should not be allowed to contest elections for a defined period of time (for example, 6 years) [32] Saraswathi, S. (9 October 2013). "NOTA Voting". The Arunachal Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015 . Retrieved 10 February 2015. Voting for none of the above". Association for Reformed Political Action. 8 November 2007 . Retrieved 7 May 2016. This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. ( May 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)