4KG Lava Rocks for Gas BBQ, Fire pit, Aquarium, Chiminea (4KG)

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Alkali basalt is relatively rich in alkali metals. It is silica-undersaturated and may contain feldspathoids, [33] alkali feldspar, phlogopite, and kaersutite. Augite in alkali basalts is titanium-enriched augite, and low-calcium pyroxenes are never present. [41] They are characteristic of continental rifting and hotspot volcanism. [42] The alkaline series is distinguishable from the other two on the TAS diagram, being higher in total alkali oxides for a given silica content, but the tholeiitic and calc-alkaline series occupy approximately the same part of the TAS diagram. They are distinguished by comparing total alkali with iron and magnesium content. [22] Peterson, Donald W.; Tilling, Robert I. (May 1980). "Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 7 (3–4): 271–293. Bibcode: 1980JVGR....7..271P. doi: 10.1016/0377-0273(80)90033-5. Grotzinger, J. P. (26 September 2013). "Analysis of Surface Materials by the Curiosity Mars Rover". Science. 341 (6153): 1475. Bibcode: 2013Sci...341.1475G. doi: 10.1126/science.1244258. PMID 24072916.

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Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images of Vesta suggests this asteroid has a basaltic crust covered with a brecciated regolith derived from the crust. [106] Evidence from Earth-based telescopes and the Dawn mission suggest that Vesta is the source of the HED meteorites, which have basaltic characteristics. [107] Vesta is the main contributor to the inventory of basaltic asteroids of the main Asteroid Belt. [108] IoPhilpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nded.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp.53–55. ISBN 9780521880060. As crystallization was going on while the mass was still creeping forward under the surface of the Earth, the latest formed minerals (in the ground-mass) are commonly arranged in subparallel winding lines that follow the direction of movement (fluxion or fluidal structure)—and larger early minerals that previously crystallized may show the same arrangement. Most lavas fall considerably below their original temperatures before emitted. In their behavior, they present a close analogy to hot solutions of salts in water, which, when they approach the saturation temperature, first deposit a crop of large, well-formed crystals (labile stage) and subsequently precipitate clouds of smaller less perfect crystalline particles (metastable stage). [10]

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The silica component dominates the physical behavior of silicate magmas. Silicon ions in lava strongly bind to four oxygen ions in a tetrahedral arrangement. If an oxygen ion is bound to two silicon ions in the melt, it is described as a bridging oxygen, and lava with many clumps or chains of silicon ions connected by bridging oxygen ions is described as partially polymerized. Aluminium in combination with alkali metal oxides (sodium and potassium) also tends to polymerize the lava. [10] Other cations, such as ferrous iron, calcium, and magnesium, bond much more weakly to oxygen and reduce the tendency to polymerize. [11] Partial polymerization makes the lava viscous, so lava high in silica is much more viscous than lava low in silica. [10] a b McGounis-Mark, Peter. "Radar Studies of Lava Flows". Volcanic Features of Hawaii and Other Worlds. Lunar and Planetary Institute . Retrieved 18 March 2017. Gattacceca, Jérôme; Hewins, Roger H.; Lorand, Jean-Pierre; Rochette, Pierre; Lagroix, France; Cournède, Cécile; Uehara, Minoru; Pont, Sylvain; Sautter, Violaine; Scorzelli, Rosa. B.; Hombourger, Chrystel; Munayco, Pablo; Zanda, Brigitte; Chennaoui, Hasnaa; Ferrière, Ludovic (October 2013). "Opaque minerals, magnetic properties, and paleomagnetism of the Tissint Martian meteorite". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 48 (10): 1919–1936. Bibcode: 2013M&PS...48.1919G. doi: 10.1111/maps.12172.Inge y Rainer, los dueños de la 'casa milagro' de La Palma: "Aunque no podemos ir, nos alivia que siga en pie" ". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2021-09-23 . Retrieved 2021-09-25. ... en El Paraíso, justo la pedanía más afectada hasta la fecha por el río de lava del volcán. Más de la mitad de las casas, incluido el colegio local, ya han sido devoradas por la ceniza.[... in El Paraíso, just the district most affected to date by the river of lava from the volcano. More than half of the houses, including the local school, have already been consumed by ash.] a b c Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology (2nded.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521880060. igneous". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 15 October 2022 . Retrieved 15 October 2022. lavas typically erupt at temperatures of 1,050 to 1,150°C (1,920 to 2,100°F) or greater. [58] [59] Pāhoehoe Pāhoehoe lava from Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, United States

Rock types - The Earth and atmosphere - KS3 Chemistry - BBC Rock types - The Earth and atmosphere - KS3 Chemistry - BBC

Volcano– Rupture in the crust of a planet that allows lava, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface Parícutin (village after which the volcano was named) and San Juan Parangaricutiro, Mexico, by Parícutin from 1943 to 1952 Hiesinger, Harald; Jaumann, Ralf; Neukum, Gerhard; Head, James W. (25 December 2000). "Ages of mare basalts on the lunar nearside". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 105 (E12): 29239–29275. Bibcode: 2000JGR...10529239H. doi: 10.1029/2000JE001244. Giguere, Thomas A.; Taylor, G. Jeffrey; Hawke, B. Ray; Lucey, Paul G. (January 2000). "The titanium contents of lunar mare basalts". Meteoritics & Planetary Science. 35 (1): 193–200. Bibcode: 2000M&PS...35..193G. doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2000.tb01985.x.

Arndt, N.T. (1994). "Archean komatiites". In Condie, K.C. (ed.). Archean Crustal Evolution. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p.19. ISBN 978-0-444-81621-4. Tietz, Olaf; Büchner, Joerg (2018). "The origin of the term 'basalt' " (PDF). Journal of Geosciences. 63 (4): 295–298. doi: 10.3190/jgeosci.273. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2019 . Retrieved 19 August 2020.