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Microneedle patches can also be used to deliver targeted treatments, such as hydrating hyaluronic acid and anti-ageing peptides, deeper into the skin rendering them even more effective. How Safe Are Microneedle Patches? Editor’s note: This article has been updated to clarify that this research was developed to help avoid preventable deaths in parts of the world where paper or digital systems for storing patients’ vaccination records aren’t available. Many vaccines require multiple doses spaced out at certain intervals; without accurate records, people may not receive all of the necessary doses. The method is still in an experimental stage and is not being used for any current vaccinations, including Covid-19 vaccines. Thomas, Liji. "Microneedle patches for potential COVID-19 vaccines or therapeutics". News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200409/Microneedle-patches-for-potential-COVID-19-vaccines-or-therapeutics.aspx. (accessed November 02, 2023).
Delivery: Progress and Challenges - PMC Microneedles in Drug Delivery: Progress and Challenges - PMC
The major goal of any microneedle design is to penetrate the skin's outermost layer, the stratum corneum (10-15μm). [9] Microneedles are long enough to cross the stratum corneum but not so long that they stimulate nerves which are located deeper in the tissues and therefore cause little to no pain. [8]A schematic diagram of microneedle (MN)-based drug delivery approaches with the cross section of the upper layer of the skin. The approaches are ( a) solid MNs, ( b) coated MNs, ( c) hollow MNs, ( d) dissolving MNs, and ( e) hydrogel-forming MNs. The step-by-step process of each delivery approach is numbered from 1 to 3. Representative microscopic images of MN types and examples of deliverable payloads such as drugs and bio-macromolecules are also shown. Images was adopted with permission from [ 42, 43]). McCrudden MT, McAlister E, Courtenay AJ, González-Vázquez P, Singh TR, Donnelly RF (August 2015). "Microneedle applications in improving skin appearance". Experimental Dermatology. 24 (8): 561–566. doi: 10.1111/exd.12723. PMID 25865925.
Microneedle Patches as Drug and Vaccine Delivery Platform Microneedle Patches as Drug and Vaccine Delivery Platform
Kompithra, R. Z. et al. Immunogenicity of a three dose and five dose oral human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) schedule in south Indian infants. Vaccine 32, A129–A133 (2014). Two or three doses of standalone IPV or combined IRV-IPV in the first-generation dMNP at full or half dose induced protective titers (≥1:8) of NA to the corresponding PV types 1, 2, and 3 in rats (Fig. 5d–f). The differences in antibody titer between post-vaccine doses 2 and 3 of full dose standalone IPV and full IRV-IPV were not statistically significant. Similarly, the differences in antibody titer between post-vaccine doses 2 and 3 of full-dose IPV, full-dose IRV-IPV, and half-dose IPV or half-dose IRV-IPV were not statistically significant. Of the three IPV types, IPV 2 was the most immunogenic and induced high geometric mean titers (GMTs) to PV type 2 even with a single dose.Cramer, J. P. et al. Safety and immunogenicity of experimental stand-alone trivalent, inactivated Sabin-strain polio vaccine formulations in healthy infants: a randomized, observer-blind, controlled phase 1/2 trial. Vaccine 38, 5313–5323 (2020).
Microneedle patch for the ultrasensitive quantification of
The researchers based their vaccine on DNA, which is easier to make than RNA or protein. It’s also more stable than RNA. However, in clinical trials, intramuscular DNA vaccines have been limited in their effectiveness because, unlike RNA or protein, the DNA must find its way inside the cell nucleus to work. By delivering the vaccine into APC-rich skin rather than muscle, the researchers reasoned that they could increase the chances that the DNA would enter the nucleus of an APC. MIT researchers have now developed a novel way to record a patient’s vaccination history: storing the data in a pattern of dye, invisible to the naked eye, that is delivered under the skin at the same time as the vaccine. Corbett, H. J., Fernando, G. J., Chen, X., Frazer, I. H. & Kendall, M. A. Skin vaccination against cervical cancer associated human papillomavirus with a novel micro-projection array in a mouse model. PLoS ONE 5, e13460 (2010). Instead, microneedle patches are much more suitable as they’re designed to be used on one area of skin, once, therefore stopping the spread of any skin-harming bacteria. And because they’re used in one place, with targeted ingredients such as exfoliating salicylic acid that purges the pores of bacteria, dirt and cellular debris, they’re ideal for managing acne. Edens, C., Dybdahl-Sissoko, N. C., Weldon, W. C., Oberste, M. S. & Prausnitz, M. R. Inactivated polio vaccination using a microneedle patch is immunogenic in the rhesus macaque. Vaccine 33, 4683–4690 (2015).Several years ago, the MIT team set out to devise a method for recording vaccination information in a way that doesn’t require a centralized database or other infrastructure. Many vaccines, such as the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), require multiple doses spaced out at certain intervals; without accurate records, children may not receive all of the necessary doses. By selectively loading microparticles into microneedles, the patches deliver a pattern in the skin that is invisible to the naked eye but can be scanned with a smartphone that has the infrared filter removed. The patch can be customized to imprint different patterns that correspond to the type of vaccine delivered. Causing a deliberate injury to the skin to gain a benefit sounds a bit crazy, we’ll be the first to admit that. But when we look at the science behind microneedling, it all becomes clear. Nair, N. et al. VP4- and VP7-specific antibodies mediate heterotypic immunity to rotavirus in humans. Sci. Transl. Med. 9, eaam543 (2017). Microneedle patches can be used directly over a spot, cluster of spots or even on an area where you feel a spot is about to appear. Vice Reversa Microneedle Pimple Patches contain salicylic acid and green tea extract* to cleanse the skin of dirt and bacteria and reduce redness and swelling. They also contain totarol to help protect the skin from UV damage and environmental toxins. Each patch holds an impressive 500 microscopic dissolving needles.
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