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Levis, Nicholas A.; Pfennig, David W. (2021-05-31). "Innovation and Diversification Via Plasticity-Led Evolution". Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp.211–240. doi: 10.1201/9780429343001-12. ISBN 978-0-429-34300-1. S2CID 233563740 . Retrieved 2022-11-12. The venom is hemotoxic, destroying tissue, causing necrosis and coagulopathy (disrupted blood clotting). [41] In the U.S., the tiger rattlesnake ( C. tigris) and some varieties of the Mojave rattlesnake ( C. scutulatus) also have a presynaptic neurotoxic venom component known as Mojave type A toxin, which can cause severe paralysis. [41] [42] [43] However, most North American rattlesnakes are not neurotoxic. [44] Although it has a comparatively low venom yield, [45] the venom toxicity of C. tigris is considered to be among the highest of all rattlesnake venoms, and among the highest of all snakes in the Western Hemisphere based on LD 50 studies conducted on laboratory mice. C. scutulatus is also widely regarded as producing one of the most toxic snake venoms in the Americas, based on LD 50 studies in laboratory mice. [46] We have a 30-day return policy, which means you have 30 days after receiving your item to request a return. An estimated 7,000 to 8,000 people are bitten by venomous snakes in the United States each year, with about five deaths. [92] The most important factor in survival following a severe envenomation is the time elapsed between the bite and treatment. Most deaths occur between 6 and 48 hours after the bite. If antivenom treatment is given within two hours of the bite, the probability of recovery is greater than 99%. [93]

Rattlesnakes are the leading cause of snakebite injuries in North America and a significant cause in Central and South America. [43] [85] Avoiding bites [ edit ] Place, Arron J.; Abramson, Charles I. (2004). "A Quantitative Analysis of the Ancestral Area of Rattlesnakes". Journal of Herpetology. 38 (1): 151–156. doi: 10.1670/103-03N. S2CID 86252575. Palmer, Thomas (2004). Landscape with Reptile: Rattlesnakes in an Urban World. Globe Pequot. ISBN 978-1-59228-000-1. Delivery partners are very busy at this time of the year, therefore we are not able to guarantee a next day delivery, although we will use an express delivery service if you have opted for such.Rattlesnakes are preyed upon by hawks, weasels, kingsnakes, and a variety of other species. Rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon as neonates, while they are still weak and immature. Large numbers of rattlesnakes are killed by humans. Rattlesnake populations in many areas are severely threatened by habitat destruction, poaching, and extermination campaigns. Browman, David L. & Williams, Stephen (2002). New perspectives on the origins of Americanist archaeology. University of Alabama Press. p.99. ISBN 978-0-8173-1128-5.

Phillips, Steven J.; etal., eds. (2009). A natural history of the Sonoran Desert. University of California Press. p.577. ISBN 978-0-520-21980-9. a b Newman, Eric A.; Hartline, Peter H. (March 1982). "The Infrared "Vision" of Snakes". Scientific American. 246 (3): 116–127. Bibcode: 1982SciAm.246c.116N. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican0382-116. a b Rao, Wei-qiao; Kalogeropoulos, Konstantinos; Allentoft, Morten E; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Zhao, Wei-ning; Workman, Christopher T; Knudsen, Cecilie; Jiménez-Mena, Belén; Seneci, Lorenzo; Mousavi-Derazmahalleh, Mahsa; Jenkins, Timothy P; Rivera-de-Torre, Esperanza; Liu, Si-qi; Laustsen, Andreas H (2022). "The rise of genomics in snake venom research: recent advances and future perspectives". GigaScience. 11. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giac024. ISSN 2047-217X. PMC 8975721. PMID 35365832. Henkel, John. "For Goodness Snakes! Treating and Preventing Venomous Bites" (PDF). Reptiles. USDA / emergency response. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-01-10 . Retrieved 2009-06-15.

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Meier, Jürg; White, Julian, eds. (1995). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons, Volume 236. CRC Press. p.639. ISBN 978-0-8493-4489-3. Rattlesnakes are native to the Americas from southern Canada to central Argentina, with the majority of species inhabiting arid regions. [7] The large majority of species live in the American Southwest and Mexico. Four species may be found east of the Mississippi River, and two in South America. In the United States, the state with the most types of rattlesnakes is Arizona, with 13. [8] At birth, a "prebutton" is present at the tip of the snake's tail; it is replaced by the "button" several days later when the first skin is shed. However, no sound can be made by the rattle until a second segment is added when the skin is shed again. [59] A new rattle segment is added each time the snake sheds its skin, and the snake may shed its skin several times a year, depending on food supply and growth rate. Moon, Brad R. (2001). "Muscle Physiology and the Evolution of the Rattling System in Rattlesnakes". Journal of Herpetology. 35 (3): 497–500. doi: 10.2307/1565969. ISSN 0022-1511. JSTOR 1565969. a b Gupta, Ramesh Chandra, ed. (2007). Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical principles. Academic Press. pp.800–801. ISBN 978-0-12-370467-2.

Vitts, Laurie J. (1999). "Rattlesnake". In Mares, Michael A.; etal. (eds.). Encyclopedia of deserts. University of Oklahoma Press. p.468. ISBN 978-0-8061-3146-7. This article is about the reptile. For other uses, see Rattlesnake (disambiguation) and Rattler (disambiguation). Rattlesnake Whitefold, 2020 The rattlesnakes movement is bound to its physical makeup and the environment. Environmental temperature can influence the ability of ectotherms to capture prey and/or defend themselves against predators Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Floyd, Charles (1904), Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806, vol.1, p.257 . Like most other snakes, rattlesnakes aestivate during very hot or dry periods, which is why they are rarely seen during the hottest and driest months of summer. [82] Conservation status [ edit ]Newborn rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon by a variety of species, including cats, [22] ravens, crows, roadrunners, raccoons, opossums, skunks, coyotes, weasels, whipsnakes, kingsnakes, and racers. Young of the smaller crotaline species are frequently killed and eaten by small predatory birds, such as jays, kingfishers, and shrikes. Some species of ants in the genus Formica are known to prey upon neonates, and Solenopsis invicta (fire ants) likely do, as well. On occasion, hungry adult rattlesnakes cannibalize neonates. The small proportion (often as few as 20%) of rattlesnakes that make it to their second year are heavily preyed upon by a variety of larger predators, including coyotes, eagles, hawks, owls, falcons, feral pigs, badgers, indigo snakes, and kingsnakes. [23]